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2022年公务员行测备考:让朴素逻辑回归朴素

分类:笔试题库 考试题库 行测 857 0

    【例题】幼儿园马老师和三个小朋友情情、可可和安安一起玩“猜一猜,我最棒”的游戏。马老师对小朋友们说:“我把手中的红球、黄球和蓝球分别放在这个柜子的三个抽屉里,请你们猜一猜每只抽屉里放的是什么颜色的球?猜对了奖励小红花!”然后,她请小朋友们闭上眼睛,把三只球分别放在三个抽屉里。小朋友猜的情况如下:
    情情说:“红球在最上层的抽屉,黄球在中间的抽屉。”
    可可说:“红球在中间抽屉,蓝球在最上层的抽屉。”
    安安说:“红球在最底层的抽屉,黄球在最上层的抽屉。”
    老师告诉她们,每人都只猜对了一半。请问,红球、黄球和蓝球各在哪一层抽屉里?
    A.红球在中间抽屉,黄球在最上层抽屉,蓝球在最底层抽屉
    B.红球在中间抽屉,黄球在最底层抽屉,蓝球在最上层抽屉
    C.红球在最上层抽屉,黄球在最底层抽屉,蓝球在中间抽屉
    D.红球在最底层抽屉,黄球在中间抽屉,蓝球在最上层抽屉
    【解析】D
    方法一:利用高频项找突破口。
    每人两个半句共六个条件,能发现红球猜测的数量最多,说明对红球的限制越多,但我们可以知道红球只可能放在其中一个抽屉里,所以第一列的三个条件为一真两假,那么第二列三个条件为两真一假,我们可以再次利用关联性可以知道,黄球出现两次至少有一次为假,因此对于蓝球的猜测一定为真,说明蓝球在上层,那么情情的前半句为假,后半句为真,说明黄球在中间抽屉,选D项。
    方法二:利用关联性找突破口。
    我们观察这六个条件,情情的前半句为判断红球在上层,安安的两个半句既有对红球的判断,也有对上层的判断,关联性很强,我们就从这三个条件入手,发现如果红球在上层为真,那么安安的两个半句都为假,与已知条件每人一真一假矛盾,那么可以马上判断出情情的前半句为假,那么后半句为真,也就是黄球在中间,直接选出D项,事半功倍,效果极佳。
    方法三:假设法。
    最后我们再来说一说这种半真半假题目的普适性做法,我们通常去假设某个条件为真或假,来利用已知条件进行继续推理,若推导出矛盾,则假设不成立,假设的反面成立,重新进行推理,比如我们假设红球在上层为真,那么蓝球不在底层,也可得知红球不在中间,蓝球在上层,此时两个球同时在上层,出现矛盾,说明我们的假设是不成立的,红球不可能在上层,那么黄球在中间,可以选择出D项。


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