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2021年公务员行测考试:图形推理之对称性

分类:笔试题库 考试题库 行测 958 0

一、题型特征


1、常规考法


识别轴对称与中心对称图形。轴对称图形比较容易识别,中心对称是指旋转180°以后图形不变。如果题干中出现了等腰三角形、箭头、平行四边形或者是S、N、Z以及它们的变形图的时候我们往往优先考虑对称性。


2、细化考法


常见的细化考法为考察对称轴的方向和数量。如果题干中给出的图形都是轴对称的图形,并且有一些图形是躺着的或者是斜着的,我们可以优先考虑对称轴的方向。如果题干中给出的图形都是轴对称的图形,并且出现了一些等边三角形以及其变形图的时候,可以优先考虑对称轴的数量是否存在规律。


3、创新型考法


单纯围绕着对称性本身的考法我们基本都已经掌握了,所以对称性就开始进行外交了,会和其他的考点结合在一起进行考察。结合最新的真题,我们发现对称性经常结合的考点有两个,一个是面,一个是线,我们分别来看一下。


对称性和面结合有两种考察方式,第一种是对称性和面数量结合,第二种是对称性和面的位置结合,如题2。


对称性和线的复合考法也有两种形式,第一种是对称轴和线数量结合在一起考察,第二种是对称轴和线的位置结合在一起考察,比如可以看对称轴和线之间的位置关系是重合的还是垂直的,如题3。


二、真题演练


真题1、(2017浙江)从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性(    )。

 

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解析:


本题答案是A选项。题干所给所有的图形都是轴对称图形,画出题干图形的对称轴,发现对称轴的方向是按照依次逆时针旋转45°,因此答案为A选项。


真题2、(2017河南)把下面的六个图形分为两类,使每一类图形都有各自的共同特征或规律,分类正确的一项是:

 

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A. ①②③,④⑤⑥


B. ①④⑤,②③⑥


C. ①③⑤,②④⑥


D. ①⑤⑥,②③④


解析:


本题答案是D选项。题干图形都是轴对称图形且都有一条竖直的对称轴,无法进行分组。画出题干图形的对称轴,再次观察发现,②③④对称轴的两侧有两个形状相同的面,而①⑤⑥对称轴的两侧没有形状相同的面,故正确答案选择D项。


真题3、(2018北京)从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:

 

\


解析:


这道题的正确答案是D项。题干所有的图形都是轴对称图形,画出题干中的对称轴,观察发现图形对称轴都和中间叉出来的线条是重合的,故正确答案是D项。


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